In Linux CentOS 7, Create A Disc Partition

by Sanjana Shruti | Feb 17, 2023 | Uncategorized

In Linux CentOS 7, all that is required to create a disc partition is to format the system drive. Briefly, disc A disc is partitioned when it is split into one or more regions, or “partitions.” So, the disc must retain the details of a newly created partition, including its position and size. The partition table, which is typically found in the first sector of a disc, is where this information is kept.

Because you cannot begin writing files to an empty disc, we must establish a partition. The disc must have at least one file system-containing partition. You can create a partition with all the available disc space or, for simplicity of use, divide the space into 20 separate partitions. The disc must, in any case, have at least one partition.

The Necessity for Disk Partitioning

• Hard Disk upgrade (to include a new Hard Disk to the system)
• A dual boot (Multiple Operating Systems on the same machine)
• effectively managing the disc
• Ensure security and backup.
• Use the same mechanism to work with many file systems.

Listing Disk In CentOS 7 Linux

Let’s first list the attached discs to the system before continuing. This will assist you in deciding which disc you wish to create a partition on. Execute the following command in a terminal with root access to list every disc that is currently installed.

# fdisk -l     ##fdisk is a linux tool that is used to configure disk partition table

The result displayed shows the partition tables for all attached discs. The sda1 partition, which contains the necessary boot components for Linux, is located on Disk 1/dev/sda. The LVM information for root and swap is located on the later sda2 partition. The report only displays disc information because discs 1 and 2 are the only ones that do not currently have any partitions.

Choosing The Disc To Be Partitioned

In this instance, we’ll choose Disk 2 to build the partition on. To choose the disc, use the command specified in the console. The disc is designated as /dev/sdb for the system.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

The result indicates that the selected disc is awaiting a command. Also, it demonstrates that since there are no partitions, the disc now lacks a partition table. Additionally, it demonstrates that any modifications made to the disc partition remain in memory until they are written to or saved.

Creating A Disk Partition

In the command line, type n to create a new partition. We are prompted to choose the partition type in the output. We’ll make a major section for /dev/sdb in this case. While it can be used to boot various operating systems, we will choose the primary partition type as the default one for this example. While the primary partition can be booted, the expanded partition cannot.

Then, there is the First Sector, which refers to the starting track of the partition. You can select any value in the range 2048-41943039, but we are selecting the default value 2048 by leaving the input blank. Enter p to choose the partition type as primary. Next, choose the partition number as 1, or leave it blank and the system will name it appropriately. Enter the Final Sector at the end to complete the disk’s partition memory allocation.Any number can be chosen depending on the size of the disc. Provide the size using the format +size (K, M, G). For instance, the input command will be +15G if you want to size the partition to 15 Gb. Type the command and hit the Enter key. This will generate partition 1 with a 15GB size.

Save the modifications to the partition table.

Type the command w and hit Enter to write the modifications to disc. We can see that the partition table has been changed, and that the ioctl control device is being used to re-read the partition table and sync it to the currently installed disc.

Conclusion

To view the revised partition table, issue the fdisk -l command once more. The output will demonstrate that the /dev/sdb disc now has a new partition. The freshly made partition is identified as /dev/sdb1.

Read Our Next Articles How to Use the Nginx Web Server to Host Several Websites

How to Use the Nginx Web Server to Host Several Websites

by Sanjana Shruti | Feb 17, 2023 | Uncategorized

Several websites can be published on a same server using virtual hosting. This enables servers to share resources with the advertised services, such as memory and processor cycles. Web servers are commonly referred to by the term supplied. But, the same ideas hold true for other Internet services. Shared web hosting is one of the most often used applications. Since they can host numerous clients on one server and the costs are lower than those of a dedicated server. In the previous blog, we talked about setting up Nginx; now, we’ll look at how to use the Nginx Web Server to publish several websites.

You can use the same server resources for various sites when using the Nginx web server. Several webpages can be published by a single instance of a web server. Include it in the conf file along with your VPS’s IP address and URL. The document root will manage the traffic after the request has been made.

Use the Nginx Web Server to Run Several Websites

So, in this manual, we’ll explain how to host numerous domains on a single server by using server blocks to encapsulate configuration information. We’ll create the domain demo.com. On Ubuntu 20.04, Nginx has a server block set up by default to serve files from directories under /var/www/html. When hosting numerous sites, this might become cumbersome even though it works great for one site. We will establish the directory structure for the demo.com site within /var/www and set /var/www/ as the default directory to be served rather than changing /var/www/html.

First, use the supplied command to establish a directory for demo.com so that any requests for demo.com will be fulfilled from the /var/www/demo.com directory.

 # mkdir -p /var/www/demo.com

Next, we’ll use vi or your preferred editor to construct an index.html page. Execute the aforementioned terminal command.

# vi /var/www/html/demo.com/index.html

Then, open the file using the provided command and save it with:wq.

<title>www.demo.com</title> <h1>Welcome to www.demo.com!</h1> </html>

Then, use the provided command to add the following to the Nginx.conf file.

# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Save the .conf file.

server {
listen 80;
root /var/www/html/demo.com;
index index.html;
server_name demo.com;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}

The demo.com website will now be accessible on port 80 by the Nginx Server. By using the provided command at the terminal, you may examine the conf file for any syntax errors.

# nginx -t

After that, use the provided command to restart the server. Then, to access the index page, open your web browser and type http://demo.com.

# systemctl restart nginx

Conclusion

Simply said, you may use the server resources more effectively with virtual hosting. For your website, a VPS server offers a composite virtual host. Unlimited company websites can be hosted on a single server. Respond to inquiries from specified URLs. The procedures for using the Nginx web server to host numerous websites were covered in this tutorial. Apache may be used for this as well.

Read Our Next Articles Introducing Four New ISP Provider With Residental-VPS

Introducing Four New ISP Providers with Residential VPS

by Sanjana Shruti | Feb 15, 2023 | Uncategorized

The IP addresses provided by residential VPS are linked to actual home networks. Due to the fact that it assigns you an IP address that is linked to your residential address, they are nearly impossible to block. By doing so, you can successfully obfuscate your true IP address, get around geo-restricted material, and gather information online.

A real residential connection is provided by 99RDP, which has residential addresses for AT&T, Comcast, Sprint, and Verizon. In contrast to residential proxy IP, this service provides a faster and more dependable connection. While residential IP proxies make it obvious the user is using them to conceal their identity, residential VPS addresses create the appearance that a regular residence is browsing the internet. Additionally, there is a sizable price difference. Residential VPS addresses are much more expensive and much more challenging to obtain.

Features Of Residential VPS

• Residential VPS Are More Legitimate: Because a residential network can only be allocated to a true private address, security systems often have higher confidence in this service. In essence, some websites have the ability to identify proxy connections, and you can find that your data centre connection is blocked as a result. Data centre users sometimes conceal their genuine IPs for harmful intentions because data centre IPs are typically easier to obtain than residential IPs. As a result, blocking of certain IPs is more likely.
• Usability For Global Releases: Unlike datacenter IP, which only functions where its servers are located, residential VPS allows you to purchase things anywhere in the world.
• Wide Range Of ISP: With services from AT&T, Comcast, Sprint, and Verizon, 99RDP Residential VPS is the ideal option for getting over geo-blocks.
• Fewer Bans: Because they are different, these VPS are superior. When IPs are found, data centre proxies are inundated with subnet ban requests.

Plans For Residential VPS

The Benefits of Residential VPS

• Four Different ISP Providers: offers top-tier services from AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, and Spectrum that are brand new.
• Windows Os Support: Get free assistance with any Windows OS-related problem.
• Uniqueness: Compared to our Residential and Datacenter IP RDP, Residential VPS is more distinctive.
• Price: We provide each of the plans for less than $100 while keeping in mind the necessities and dependability of our clients.

Conclusion

Think about your internet usage before determining whether to utilise a data centre IP or a residential VPS. While some tasks can easily be completed with a data centre proxy, other tasks, like video streaming, may necessitate a Residential VPS. Given how expensive a residential VPS may be, the budget obviously has a significant impact. In case you’re unsure, we advise using  Residential VPS. You can move to any datacenter proxy if the necessity arises and your budget permits because they are far less expensive. This process is typically significantly simpler than the alternatives.

Read Our Next Articles How to Configure cPanel to Add a Free SSL Certificate

How to Configure cPanel to Add a Free SSL Certificate

by Sanjana Shruti | Feb 15, 2023 | Uncategorized

A technique called Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used to create secure communications between networked computers. Despite the fact that TLS 1.0’s debut in 1999 marked the deprecation of the SSL protocol. These related technologies are still frequently referred to as “SSL” or “SSL/TLS.” TLS 1.3, as described in RFC 8446, is the most recent version (August 2018). We will demonstrate how to add a free SSL certificate to cPanel in this post.

Why do you need an SSL certificate? What is it?

An SSL certificate is a digital document that links the identification of a website to a pair of public and private cryptographic keys. Web browsers can launch secure communication sessions with their web server thanks to the public key in the certificate. Digitally signing web pages and other documents requires the use of private keys, which are safely kept on a server.

Additionally, the SSL certificate includes details that identify the website. such as the domain name and, optionally, details about the website owner’s identity. Let’s say the SSL certificate for the web server is issued by a publicly recognized Certificate Authority. The server will then approve the digitally signed material from the end user’s web browser. Kindly adhere to the instructions provided in order to add a free SSL certificate.

How To Add A Free SSL Certificate To cPanel in 3 Easy Steps

• Access your cPanel account by logging in at https://your ip:2083/.

• Next, navigate to security settings and look for the option for SSL/TLS status.

• On the SSL/TLS icon, click. This will link you to the domain’s page where you may manage the Auto SSL certificates.

• Click on Run AutoSSL after selecting the domains for which you wish to install SSL.

• AutoSSL will finish in a number of minutes. The page will refresh and show a success message after the operation is successfully completed. A fresh, legitimate AutoSSL certificate will then be placed on your domains. You can check SSL by visiting your website at https://your domain once AutoSSL is fully deployed. The SSL for the website will display as Secure.

Conclusion

Every installation of cPanel comes with AutoSSL, a cost-free SSL certificate substitute. With AutoSSL, Sectigo’s free Domain Validated (DV) SSL certificate automatically secures your websites. Your SSL certificate automatically renews and remains current on your behalf. The procedures to adding a free SSL certificate to your domain are listed below. Keep in mind that this Auto SSL is only effective while your cPanel trial licence is active.

Read Our Next Articles How To Turn Of Selinux On A Centos-7-VPS

How To Turn Off SELinux On A CentOS 7 VPS

by Sanjana Shruti | Feb 14, 2023 | Uncategorized

Enhanced Security The entire name of SELinux is Linux. It is an utility built into the Linux kernel that offers ways to enable access control security policies. According to the NSA, SELinux is a collection of programmes and patches for the Linux kernel that offer a strong and adaptable mandatory access control system. Policies for required access control are enforced by Linux kernels with SELinux. This MAC policy limits access to files, network resources, user programmes, and system functions.The ability of these applications and daemons to harm users if flawed or compromised is diminished or eliminated by limiting access to the bare minimum needed to function. The correctness of the kernel, all privileged applications, and each of their configurations determine the security of a Linux system without SELinux support. Any one of these weaknesses could lead to the system’s overall security being compromised.

Why Turn Off SELinux?

This functionality is enabled by default in fresh Linux installations. Some apps are unable to access secured networks and files as a result. Full access to the system’s files and resources is necessary for running programmes like cPanel and Plesk. These processes are terminated by SElinux as a security precaution because they have the power to alter the system. But you are aware that these tools are web hosting control panels, and for them to function properly, SELinux needs to be modified.

SELinux has three modes:

• • Enforcing: SELinux grants access in accordance with its policy regulations.
  • Permissive: Only actions that would have been rejected if SELinux was operating in enforcing mode are logged.
  • Disabled: There is no loaded SELinux policy.

On CentOS 7, how can I disable SELinux?

We will first look at the SELinux situation. Enter the command on the terminal to check the mode’s state.

# sestatus

As we can see, the working mode is Enforced with targeted policy rules, and the status is currently enabled.

Turn Off SELinux Momentarily

To temporarily change the mode to permissive, use the provided command. This command solely modifies the runtime session’s mode.

# setenforce permissive

Check the status of the current mode after entering the command to see if permissive has been changed. Restarting or logging out will return the mode to enforcing.

Permanent SELinux disable

Editing the SELinux configuration file is required to permanently disable SELinux. Enter the given command on the terminal to accomplish that. The conf file will be read-only after you do this.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

To modify the file and set it to disabled, press I. Press WQ to save your modifications to the file and close the editor after that.

Recheck the situation.

# sestatus

Conclusion

A fantastic security tool is SELinux. It can, however, be a little upsetting and inconvenient for some programmes. We learned about SELinux and its various modes in this guide. We also learnt how to permanently and temporarily disable SELinux. It’s all done for today.

Read Our Next Articles How To Set Up A New Website Using Windows Server With IIS